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Does Organic Mean No Pesticides?

07.15.22

One of the leading reasons why people reach for organic foods, such as many of Pacific Foods’ products, is the belief that organic foods are free of pesticides. However, being labeled organic doesn’t make a product pesticide-free. In fact, the USDA has a full list of approved pesticides that can be used in the production of products with the organic seal.

In this article, we aim to help you understand the facts about organic food and pesticide use. We’ll dig deeper into what’s considered a pesticide, how they’re used, and give you some information about pesticide-free approaches the USDA recommends. With all this in hand, you’ll be able to make an informed choice for yourself and your family.

Organic Does Not Necessarily Mean Pesticide-Free

Many consumers choose organic foods over non-organic foods simply for the sake of avoiding the “bad stuff.” For example, they want to avoid chemical additives and preservatives. And many choose organic to try and avoid ingesting ingredients or food products that have come into contact with pesticides.

The truth is, organic doesn’t always mean pesticide-free. Farmers who focus on producing organic foods must still use various methods to keep pests away from their crops. Just because a fruit or vegetable is produced organically doesn’t mean bugs and other critters simply stay away.

What Does “Organic” Mean, Anyway?

To better understand the use of pesticides in organic farming, it’s important to understand what “organic” truly means. For a food to be considered organic and labeled as such, it must be certified organic by a USDA-accredited certifying agent.

These products must meet specific standards in farming practices and production methods. For example, organic food products must contain at least 95% organic ingredients. If you see a food product in your grocery aisle with the green and white USDA organic seal, it has met these requirements.

The USDA also allows for pest control, including the use of specific pesticides (more on that later). This means that even a product that’s labeled as certified organic may have been treated with a USDA-approved pesticide.

Clarifying What’s Considered a Pesticide

The US Environmental Protection Agency defines a pesticide as:

  • Any substance or mixture of substances used for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating pests
  • Any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator (a substance used to modify plant growth), defoliant (a substance used to cause plants to drop their leaves), or desiccant (a substance used to dry out plants)
  • Any nitrogen stabilizer (a substance used to prevent nitrogen loss which helps improve plant growth)

There are three main types of pesticides, including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. Insecticides are used to kill or deter bugs and other pests, herbicides are used to kill or prevent weeds that can harm produce, and fungicides are used to kill or prevent fungus.

Synthetic vs. Organic Pesticides

To better understand which pesticides are used in food production, let’s go over the two classes: synthetic and organic. Yes, organic can even be used to describe pesticides. What’s the difference?

  • Synthetic pesticides: Synthetic pesticides are man-made chemicals. Some examples of these pesticides include DDT and parathion.
  • Organic pesticides: Organic pesticides come from natural sources such as plants or minerals. For example, boric acid (Borax) is often used to repel pests.

The keyword here is synthetic. USDA standards prohibit the use of synthetic or man-made chemicals in organic farming unless the chemical is specifically listed as an exception to the rule. Instead, the USDA requires the use of organic pesticides.

Which Pesticides are Authorized for Organic Farming?

The USDA’s National List of Allowed and Prohibited Substances outlines which pesticides are authorized for organic farming as well as livestock production. Again, in general, synthetic pesticides are prohibited and organic pesticides should be used. However, there are exceptions to this rule, including:

  • Alcohols such as ethanol and isopropanol
  • Copper sulfate
  • Soap-based herbicides
  • Ammonium carbonate for insects
  • Sticky traps and barriers for insects
  • Elemental sulfur for slug or snail bait

The synthetic materials allowed in this list mustn’t contribute to the contamination of crops, soil, or water. And some substances such as ethanol can only be used when other methods of pest control have been used without results.

For example, farmers must first try to control pests through sanitation measures to remove pest-friendly habitats or through chemical-free and non-synthetic traps.

Why Do Many Organic Farms Still Use Pesticides?

Like all farms, organic farms are susceptible to pests and weeds. And most consumers don’t really like sharing their ear of corn with an earworm. So, many organic farms must use organic pesticides to control them.

Other reasons for using organic pesticides include weed control. Weeds can severely damage a crop and lead to lower yields for the farmer. Unfortunately, organic farming already costs more, so lower yields can really hurt a farmer’s ability to recoup.

The exceptions listed on the USDA’s list are there for a reason too. For example, some synthetic pesticides don’t have a naturally occurring alternative, like copper sulfate that targets a specific type of plant. And remember, farmers must exhaust other methods of pest and weed control before using these exceptions.

Non-Chemical Approaches to Managing Pests

The USDA also provides guidance on non-chemical approaches to managing pests that organic farmers can use. For example, to control critters and bugs, farmers can:

  • Introduce predators of the pest species: Farmers can introduce predators to their crops that don’t eat plants but instead feast on other pests. For example, ladybugs are often used to eat larvae and other small insects that harm plants.
  • Develop a habitat that supports pest predators: Farmers can develop a habitat that is appealing to predators that hunt specific pests. For example, using mulch may increase the number of spiders around a crop that will eat certain insects.
  • Use lures, traps, and repellants: Non-chemical tools can also be used such as sticky traps or peppermint oil which is a known pest repellent.

Farmers also have non-chemical options when it comes to protecting their crops from weeds. For example, they can do the following:

  • Mulching: According to the USDA, mulching is allowed as long as the materials are biodegradable. Farmers can also use plastic or synthetic mulches as long as it is removed at the end of the growing or harvest season.
  • Mowing: Farmers are allowed to manually mow weeds that threaten to take over their fields.
  • Livestock grazing: When left to graze in fields, livestock such as cattle are known to eat a wide range of invasive grasses.
  • Hand weeding or mechanical cultivation: Farmers can weed their fields by hand or use mechanical methods such as tilling to remove weeds.

Recap: Organic Farming Requires the Use of Organic Pesticides

So, are organic foods pesticide-free? Not always. However, organic farming only allows for the use of organic pesticides that avoid man-made chemicals at all costs, unless there is no other option. And farmers must use other methods of non-chemical pest control first before using any man-made pesticides.

Pacific Foods: Soups, Broths & Beverages You Can Feel Good About

At Pacific Foods, we believe every ingredient has a purpose. We also believe that nature’s work needs little refinement. That’s why our soups, broths, and plant-based beverages are free from GMOs and contain organic ingredients whenever possible.

We’re proud to deliver foods you can feel good about. To learn more, shop our products today.